Shanghai Vithy e Atlehile ho Kopanela Seboka sa China sa Machaba sa Nickel & Cobalt Indasteri ea Foramo ea 2024: Litlhahiso le Likopo tsa Filtration.

I.Selelekela

Indasteri ea nickel le cobalt ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea lefapha le se nang ferrous, e nang le kholo e ntle lilemong tsa morao tjena. Ha liphetoho tsa tikoloho, joalo ka phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, li nka sebaka sa mantlha, nickel e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho mahlale a hloekileng a matla, haholo libeteri tse ncha tsa matla. Leha ho le joalo, indasteri e tobane le mathata a 'maloa, ho kenyelletsa khaello ea lehae ea lisebelisoa tsa nickel le cobalt, ho fetoha ho hoholo ha theko 'marakeng oa lefatše oa nickel le cobalt, tlholisano e ntseng e eketseha ka har'a indasteri, le ho ata ha litšitiso tsa khoebo ea lefats'e.

 

Kajeno, phetoho ea matla a khabone e tlase e se e tsepamisitse maikutlo lefatšeng ka bophara, e hohelang tlhokomelo e ntseng e eketseha ho litšepe tsa bohlokoa joalo ka nickel le cobalt. Ha indasteri ea lefats'e ea nickel le cobalt e ntse e fetoha ka potlako, phello ea maano a tsoang linaheng tsa Europe le Amerika Leboea lekaleng le lecha la matla e ntse e bonahala haholoanyane. Seboka sa Machabeng sa China sa Indasteri sa Nickel le Cobalt 2024 se ile sa tšoaroa ho tloha ka la 29 Mphalane ho isa la 31 Nanchang, Profinseng ea Jiangxi, Chaena. Seboka sena se ikemiselitse ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele e phetseng hantle le e hlophisehileng indastering ea lefats'e ea nickel le cobalt ka puisano e pharaletseng le tšebelisano nakong ea ketsahalo. Joaloka motlatsi-'moho oa kopano ena, Shanghai Vithy Filter System Co., Ltd. e thabela ho arolelana lintlha le ho hlahisa lisebelisoa tsa ho hloekisa tse amanang le indasteri.

 

 

II. Lintlha tse tsoang ho Forum ea Nickel le Cobalt

 

1.Nickel le Cobalt Lithium Insights

(1) Cobalt: Ho phahama ha morao tjena ha theko ea koporo le ea nickel ho lebisitse ho tsetelo e eketsehileng le tokollo ea bokhoni, e leng se entseng hore ho be le phepelo e feteletseng ea nako e khutšoanyane ea lisebelisoa tse tala tsa cobalt. Maikutlo a litheko tsa cobalt a lula a se na tšepo, 'me litokisetso li lokela ho etsoa bakeng sa ho theoha ho ka bang teng lilemong tse tlang. Ka 2024, phepelo ea lefats'e ea cobalt e lebelletsoe ho feta tlhokeho ea lithane tse 43,000, ka phaello e lebelletsoeng ea lithane tse fetang 50,000 ka 2025. Phepelo ena e feteletseng e tsamaisoa ke kholo e potlakileng ea matla lehlakoreng la phepelo, e hlohlelletsoang ke litheko tse ntseng li eketseha tsa koporo le nickel ho tloha ka 2020 ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea Democratic Republic. Congo le merero ea nickel hydrometallurgical Indonesia. Ka lebaka leo, cobalt e hlahisoa ka bongata e le sehlahisoa.

 

Ts'ebeliso ea Cobalt e lebelletsoe ho fola ka 2024, ka sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo le selemo sa 10.6%, se susumetsoang haholo ke ho hlaphoheloa ho 3C (khomphutha, puisano le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki) le keketseho ea karolo ea libeteri tsa nickel-cobalt ternary. Leha ho le joalo, kholo e lebelletsoe ho lieha ho fihla ho 3.4% ka 2025 ka lebaka la liphetoho tseleng ea theknoloji bakeng sa libeteri tsa koloi e ncha ea matla, e lebisang ho tlatseheng ha cobalt sulfate le ho baka tahlehelo bakeng sa lik'hamphani. Lekhalo la theko pakeng tsa metallic cobalt le letsoai la cobalt le ntse le eketseha, 'me tlhahiso ea tšepe ea malapeng e ntse e eketseha ka potlako ho lithane tse 21,000, lithane tse 42,000, le lithane tse 60,000 ka 2023, 2024 le 2025, ka ho latellana, li fihla ho 75,000. Phello e feteletseng e tloha ho letsoai la cobalt ho ea ho metallic cobalt, e leng se bontšang monyetla oa ho theoha ho eketsehileng ha theko nakong e tlang. Lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse lokelang ho shejoa indastering ea cobalt li kenyelletsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho mabapi le phepelo ea lisebelisoa, litšitiso tsa lipalangoang tse amang ho fumaneha ha thepa e tala, ho emisoa ha tlhahiso mererong ea nickel hydrometallurgical, le litheko tse tlase tsa cobalt tse susumetsang tšebeliso. Lekhalo le feteletseng la theko pakeng tsa tšepe ea cobalt le cobalt sulfate le lebelletsoe ho tloaeleha, 'me litheko tse tlase tsa cobalt li ka eketsa ts'ebeliso, haholoholo makaleng a ntseng a hola ka potlako joalo ka bohlale ba maiketsetso, li-drones le liroboto, tse fanang ka maikutlo a bokamoso bo khanyang ba indasteri ea cobalt.

 

 

(2)Lithium: Ka nako e khutšoanyane, lithium carbonate e ka 'na ea e-ba le phaello ea theko ka lebaka la maikutlo a macroeconomic, empa bokhoni ba kakaretso bo fokotsehile. Ho hakanngoa hore tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tsa lithium lefatšeng ka bophara e tla fihla ho lithane tse limilione tse 1.38 tsa LCE ka 2024, keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 25%, le lithane tse limilione tse 1.61 tsa LCE ka 2025, keketseho ea 11%. Afrika e lebelletsoe ho kenya letsoho hoo e ka bang karolo ea boraro ea kholo e ntseng e eketseha ka 2024, ka keketseho ea lithane tse ka bang 80,000 tsa LCE. Sebakeng, merafo ea lithium ea Australia ho lebelletsoe ho hlahisa lithane tse ka bang 444,000 tsa LCE ka 2024, ka keketseho ea lithane tse 32,000 tsa LCE, ha Afrika e lebelletsoe ho hlahisa lithane tse ka bang 140,000 tsa LCE ka 2024, e ka fihlelang lithane tse 220,000 Amerika Boroa, tlhahiso ea Lithium e ntse e nyoloha ka 2024 Amerika Boroa. litefiso tsa 20-25% tse lebelletsoeng bakeng sa matša a letsoai ka 2024-2025. Chaena, tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tsa lithium e hakanyetsoa ho lithane tse ka bang 325,000 tsa LCE ka 2024, keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 37%, 'me e lebelletsoe ho fihla ho lithane tse 415,000 tsa LCE ka 2025, kholo e lieha ho fihla ho 28%. Ka 2025, matša a letsoai a ka feta lithium mica joalo ka mohloli o moholo oa phepelo ea lithium naheng. Tekanyo ea tlhokahalo ea phepelo e lebelletsoe ho tsoela pele ho hola ho tloha ho lithane tse 130,000 ho isa ho lithane tse 200,000 ebe ho isa ho lithane tse 250,000 tsa LCE ho tloha 2023 ho isa 2025, ka phokotso e kholo ea phaello e lebelletsoeng ka 2027.

 

Litsenyehelo tsa lisebelisoa tsa lefats'e tsa lithium li behiloe ka tsela e latelang: matša a letsoai < mose ho maoatle merafo ea lithium < merafo ea malapeng ea mica < recycling. Ka lebaka la kamano e haufi pakeng tsa litheko tsa litšila le litheko tsa libaka, litšenyehelo li itšetlehile haholo ka phofo e ntšo e holimo le litheko tsa betri tse sebelisitsoeng. Ka 2024, tlhoko ea letsoai ea lithium lefatšeng ka bophara e lebelletsoe ho ba lithane tse limilione tse 1.18-1.20 tsa LCE, ka theko e lekanang ea 76,000-80,000 yuan/ton. Theko ea 80th percentile e ka ba 70,000 yuan/ton, haholo-holo e khannoang ke merafo ea mica ea maemo a holimo, merafo ea lithium ea Afrika, le merafo e meng ea mose ho maoatle. Lik'hamphani tse ling li emisitse tlhahiso ka lebaka la ho theoha ha theko, 'me haeba litheko li nyoloha ka holimo ho li-yuan tse 80,000, lik'hamphani tsena li ka tsosolosa tlhahiso ka potlako, e leng se lebisang ho eketseha ha khatello ea phepelo. Le hoja merero e meng ea lisebelisoa tsa lithium mose ho maoatle e ntse e tsoela pele butle ho feta kamoo ho neng ho lebeletsoe kateng, mokhoa o akaretsang e ntse e le oa keketseho e tsoelang pele, 'me boemo ba lefats'e ka bophara ba thepa ea thepa ha bo e-s'o fetohe, ka thepa e phahameng ea lehae e ntse e tsoela pele ho thibela bokhoni ba ho khutlela morao.

 

2. Melemo ea puisano ea Marakeng

Mananeo a tlhahiso ea Pulungoana a ntlafalitsoe ho ea holimo ha a bapisoa le matsatsi a phomolo a kamora Mphalane, ka phapang e itseng tlhahisong ea lifeme tsa lithium iron phosphate. Baetsi ba pele ba lithium iron phosphate ba boloka ts'ebeliso e phahameng ea matla, athe likhoebo tsa ternary li bone ho theoha ho fokolang ha tlhahiso ea hoo e ka bang 15%. Ho sa tsotellehe sena, thekiso ea lithium cobalt oxide le lihlahisoa tse ling e tsoetse pele, 'me litaelo ha lia ka tsa bontša ho fokotseha ho hoholo, e leng se lebisang ho tebello e kholo ea tlhokahalo ea bahlahisi ba thepa ea lehae ea cathode ka November.

 

Tumellano ea 'maraka e tlase bakeng sa litheko tsa lithium e ka bang 65,000 yuan / ton, e nang le mefuta e ka holimo ea 85,000-100,000 yuan / ton. Monyetla o ka tlase oa litheko tsa lithium carbonate o bonahala o lekanyelitsoe. Ha litheko li theoha, boikemisetso ba 'maraka ba ho reka thepa bo eketseha. Ka tšebeliso ea khoeli le khoeli ea lithane tse 70,000-80,000 le lethathamo le setseng la lithane tse ka bang 30,000, boteng ba barekisi ba bangata ba kamoso le barekisi bo etsa hore ho be bonolo ho cheka masalla ana. Ho feta moo, tlas'a maemo a moruo a maholo a nang le tšepo, ho ke ke ha etsahala hore ho be le tšepo e feteletseng.

 

 

Bofokoli ba morao-rao ba nickel bo bakiloe ke taba ea hore li-quota tsa RKAB tsa 2024 li ka sebelisoa feela mafelong a selemo, 'me likhakanyo life kapa life tse sa sebelisoeng li ke ke tsa fetisetsoa selemong se tlang. Qetellong ea December, phepelo ea ore ea nickel e lebelletsoe ho iketla, empa merero e mecha ea pyrometallurgical le hydrometallurgical e tla tla inthaneteng, e leng ho etsang hore ho be thata ho fihlela boemo bo phomotse ba phepelo. Ha li bapisoa le litheko tsa LME tse tlase haholo, litefiso tsa nickel ore ha li so atolosoe ka lebaka la phokotso ea phepelo, 'me litefiso li ntse li theoha.

 

Mabapi le lipuisano tsa nako e telele tsa konteraka bakeng sa selemo se tlang, ka theko ea nickel, cobalt, le lithium kaofela ka maemo a batlang a le tlaase, baetsi ba cathode ka kakaretso ba tlaleha ho se lumellane ha litheolelo tsa nako e telele tsa konteraka. Baetsi ba betri ba tsoela pele ho qobella "mesebetsi e ke keng ea finyelloa" ho baetsi ba cathode, ka litheolelo tsa letsoai la lithium ho 90%, ha maikutlo a tsoang ho baetsi ba letsoai la lithium a bontša hore litheolelo li atisa ho pota 98-99%. Maemong ana a theko e tlase ka ho fetesisa, maikutlo a libapali tse holimo le tse tlase a khutsitse ha a bapisoa le nako e ts'oanang selemong se fetileng, ntle le li-bearish tse feteletseng. Sena ke 'nete ka ho khetheha bakeng sa nickel le cobalt, moo karolelano ea ho kopanya ha limela tsa nickel smelting e ntseng e eketseha,' me thekiso ea ka ntle ea MHP (Mixed Hydroxide Precipitate) e tsepamisitsoe haholo, e ba fa matla a bohlokoa a ho buisana. Ka litheko tse tlase tsa hajoale, barekisi ba holimo ba khetha ho se rekise, ha ba ntse ba nahana ka ho qala ho qotsa ha nickel ea LME e nyoloha ka holimo ho li-yuan tse 16,000. Bahoebi ba tlaleha hore theolelo ea MHP bakeng sa selemo se tlang ke 81, mme baetsi ba nickel sulfate ba ntse ba sebetsa ka tahlehelo. Ka 2024, litšenyehelo tsa nickel sulfate li ka nyoloha ka lebaka la litheko tse phahameng tsa thepa e tala (litšila le MHP).

 

3. Liphapang Tse Lebeletsoeng

Keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea tlhokeho nakong ea "Golden September le Silver October" e kanna ea se be holimo joalo ka nako ea "Golden March le Silver April" pejana selemong sena, empa pheletso ea nako ea tlhoro ea Pulungoana e nka nako e telele ho feta kamoo ho neng ho lebelletsoe. Leano la lehae la ho nkela likoloi tsa khale tsa motlakase sebaka ka tse ncha, hammoho le litaelo tse tsoang mererong e meholo ea polokelo ea mose ho maoatle, li fane ka tšehetso e 'meli bakeng sa mohatla oa tlhokahalo ea lithium carbonate, ha tlhokahalo ea lithium hydroxide e ntse e fokola. Leha ho le joalo, ho hlokahala tlhokomeliso mabapi le liphetoho tsa liodara tsa libeteri tsa motlakase ka mor'a bohareng ba November.

 

 

Pilbara le MRL, ba nang le karolo e phahameng ea thekiso ea 'maraka oa mahala, ba lokolotse litlaleho tsa bona tsa Q3 2024, tse bontšang mehato ea ho fokotsa litšenyehelo le tataiso e fokolang ea tlhahiso. Hoa thahasellisa hore Pilbara o rera ho koala morero oa Ngungaju ka la 1 Tšitoe, ho etelletsa pele nts'etsopele ea semela sa Pilgan. Nakong ea potoloho e felletseng ea litheko tsa lithium ho tloha 2015 ho isa 2020, morero oa Altura o ile oa qalisoa ka Mphalane 2018 mme oa emisa ts'ebetso ka Mphalane 2020 ka lebaka la litaba tsa phallo ea chelete. Pilbara o ile a fumana Altura ka 2021 mme a reha projeke eo Ngungaju, a rera ho e qala bocha ka mekhahlelo. Ka mor'a lilemo tse tharo tsa ts'ebetso, joale e se e tla koaloa bakeng sa tlhokomelo. Ntle le litšenyehelo tse phahameng, qeto ena e bonts'a phokotso e potlakileng ea tlhahiso le litšenyehelo ho latela theko e tlase ea lithium. Tekanyo pakeng tsa litheko tsa lithium le phepelo e fetohile ka khutso, 'me ho boloka ts'ebeliso ka theko ke lebaka la ho lekanya melemo le likotsi.

 

4. Temoso ea Kotsi

Khōlo e tsoelang pele e sa lebelloang ea tlhahiso le thekiso ea likoloi tse ncha, ho fokotseha ho sa lebelloang ha tlhahiso ea merafo, le liketsahalo tsa tikoloho.

 

III. Lisebelisoa tsa Nickel le Cobalt

Nickel le cobalt li na le lisebelisoa tse ngata tse fapaneng ho pholletsa le liindasteri tse fapaneng. Mona ke tse ling tsa libaka tsa bohlokoa tsa ts'ebeliso:

 

1.Tlhahiso ea Battery

 

(1) Libetri tsa lithium-Ion: Nickel le cobalt ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa lisebelisoa tsa cathode ka libeteri tsa lithium-ion, tse sebelisoang haholo likoloing tsa motlakase (EVs) le lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tse nkehang joaloka li-smartphone le li-laptops.

(2)Libetri tsa Naha tse Tiileng: Lisebelisoa tsa nickel le cobalt le tsona li na le ts'ebeliso e ka bang teng ho libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng, tse matlafatsang matla le polokeho.

 

 

2. Alloy Manufacturing

 

(1) Ts'epe e sa beng le mabali: Nickel ke ntho ea bohlokoa tlhahisong ea tšepe e sa hloekang, e ntlafatsang ho hanyetsa ha eona le matla a eona.

(2)Li-Alloys tsa Mocheso o Phahameng: Li-alloys tsa nickel-cobalt li sebelisoa sebakeng sa sefofane le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa mocheso o phahameng ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa mocheso o babatsehang le matla.

 

3. Li-catalysts

Li-Catalysts tsa Lik'hemik'hale: Nickel le cobalt li sebetsa e le li-catalysts liphetohong tse itseng tsa lik'hemik'hale, tse sebelisoang ho hloekisa petroleum le ho kopanya lik'hemik'hale.

 

4. Electroplating

Indasteri ea Electroplating: Nickel e sebelisoa ho electroplating ho matlafatsa ho hanyetsa ha kutu le botle ba bokaholimo ba tšepe, e sebelisoang haholo ho likoloi, lisebelisoa tsa lapeng le lihlahisoa tsa elektroniki.

 

5. Lisebelisoa tsa Magnetic

Limanete tsa ka ho sa Feleng: Cobalt e sebelisoa ho etsa limakenete tse sebetsang hantle haholo, tse sebelisoang haholo ho li-motor, lijenereithara le li-sensor.

 

6. Lisebelisoa tsa Bongaka

Thepa ea Bongaka: Li-alloys tsa nickel-cobalt li sebelisoa lisebelisoa tse itseng tsa bongaka ho ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa kutu le ho lumellana ha lintho.

 

7. Matla a Macha

Matla a haedrojene: Nickel le cobalt li sebetsa e le li-catalysts ho thekenoloji ea matla a hydrogen, e thusang tlhahiso le polokelo ea haedrojene.

 

IV. Tšebeliso ea Li-Filters tsa Karohano ea Li-Solid-Liquid ho Nickel le Cobalt Processing

Lisefe tsa karohano tsa metsi a tiileng li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa tlhahisong ea nickel le cobalt, haholo libakeng tse latelang:

 

1.Ts'ebetso ea Ore

(1) Phekolo ea Pele: Nakong ea pele ea ts'ebetso ea li-nickel le cobalt ores, li-filters tse arohaneng tsa metsi a tiileng li sebelisoa ho tlosa litšila le mongobo o tsoang ho ore, ho matlafatsa ts'ebetso ea mekhoa e latelang ea ho ntša.

(2)Ho tsepamisa maikutlo: Theknoloji ea karohano ea metsi a tiileng e ka tsepamisa maikutlo litšepe tsa bohlokoa ho tloha ore, ho fokotsa moroalo oa ho tsoela pele ho sebetsa.

 

2. Leaching Process

(1) Karohano ea Leachate: Ts'ebetsong ea leaching ea nickel le cobalt, li-filters tse arohaneng tsa metsi a tiileng li sebelisoa ho arola leachate ho tloha ho liminerale tse tiileng tse sa kang tsa qhibiliha, ho netefatsa ho hlaphoheloa ka katleho ha litšepe tse nkiloeng karolong ea mokelikeli.

(2)Ho ntlafatsa Litefiso tsa ho hlaphoheloa: Karohano e sebetsang e tiileng ea metsi e ka ntlafatsa litekanyetso tsa ho hlaphoheloa ha nickel le cobalt, ho fokotsa litšila tsa lisebelisoa.

3. Ts'ebetso ea Electrowinning

(1) Phekolo ea Electrolyte: Nakong ea electrowinning ea nickel le cobalt, li-filters tse arohaneng tse tiileng-metsi li sebelisetsoa ho tšoara electrolyte, ho tlosa litšila ho netefatsa botsitso ba ts'ebetso ea electrowinning le bohloeki ba sehlahisoa.

(2)Phekolo ea Seretse: The sludge e hlahisoang ka mor'a electrowinning e ka sebetsoa ho sebelisoa theknoloji ea karohano ea metsi a tiileng ho fumana litšepe tsa bohlokoa.

 

4. Phekolo ea Metsi a litšila

(1) Tumellano ea Tikoloho: Ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea nickel le cobalt, li-filters tse arohaneng tsa metsi a tiileng li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila, ho tlosa likaroloana tse tiileng le litšila ho finyella melao ea tikoloho.

(2)Khutlisa Mohloli: Ka ho hloekisa metsi a litšila, litšepe tse sebetsang li ka fumanoa hape, ho ntlafatsa tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa.

 

5. Ho Hloekisa Lihlahisoa

Karohano Mekhoeng ea ho Hloekisa: Nakong ea ho hloekisoa ha nickel le cobalt, li-filters tse arohaneng tsa metsi a tiileng li sebelisoa ho arola metsi a hloekisang le litšila tse tiileng, ho netefatsa boleng ba sehlahisoa sa ho qetela.

 

 

 

6. Boqapi ba Theknoloji

Litheknoloji tse Hlahang tsa Filtration: Indasteri e tsepamisitse maikutlo ho theknoloji e ncha ea karohano ea metsi a tiileng, joalo ka membrane filtration le ultrafiltration, e ka ntlafatsang katleho ea karohano le ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla.

 

V. Kenyelletso ea Vithy Filters

Sebakeng sa ho itlhoekisa ka mokhoa o nepahetseng haholo, Vithy e fana ka lihlahisoa tse latelang:

 

1. Filter ea Microporous Cartridge 

lRange ea Micron: 0.1-100 micron

lSefa Elements: Plastiki (UHMWPE/PA/PTFE) khatriji e sintered ea phofo; tšepe (SS316L/Titanium) phofo sintered khatriji

lLikaroloana: Ho itlhoekisa ka boiketsetso, ho hlaphoheloa ha kuku ea filthara, mahloriso a slurry